小学里面的英语语法

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小学英语语法总结

1. 人称代词

主格： I we you she he it they

宾格： me us you her him it them

形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their

名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs

2.形容词和副词的比较级

(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er

older taller longer stronger, etc

(2) 多音节词前+more

more interesting, etc.

(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er

bigger fatter, etc.

(4) 把y变i，再+er

heavier, earlier

(5) 不规则变化：

well-better, much/many-more, etc.

3.可数词的复数形式

Most nouns + s a book –books

Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories

Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches

Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes

Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)

bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

5. 缩略形式

I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is

it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc

6. a/an

a book, a peach an egg an hour

7. Preposition:

on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.

表示时间： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter

8. 基数词和序数词

one – first two-second twenty-twentieth

9. Some /any

I have some toys in my bedroom. Do you have any brothers or sisters?

10. be 动词

(1) Basic form: am/are/is

(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.

My eyes are(not) small. My hair is(not) long.

（3）一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

11. there be 结构

肯定句： There is a … There are …

一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.

Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….

12. 祈使句

Sit down please Don’t sit down, please.

13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.

形式： be + verb +ing

eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

You/We/They are(not) reading.

He/She/It is(not) eating.

动词 —ing 的形式

Most verbs +ing walk—walking

Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming

Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming

14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。

形式：

肯定句：

I go to school on foot every day.

She goes to school on foot every day.

小学英语语法知识点有哪些

　语法是语言学的一个分支，研究按确定用法来运用的词类、词的屈折变化或表示相互关系的其他手段以及词在句中的功能和关系。为大家准备了小学英语语法知识希望能对大家有所帮助。

　 小学英语语法知识汇总：名词

　 一、定义

　名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。

　 二、分类

　1.名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词

　如：Johnisastudent

　student是普通名词，John是专有名词

　普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an,定冠词the或不加冠词，专有名词前一般不加冠词，专有名词的首字母要大写。

　2.普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。

　3.专有名词

　专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为独一无二的事物。

　 三、名词的.数

　1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。

　可数名词——可以数的名词

　不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)

　Drink?milkteawaterorangejuicecokecoffeeporridge

　Food?ricebreadmeatfishfruitcakedumplings

　2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式，不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用，没有复数形式

　many+可数名词复数

　much/alittle+不可数名词

　some,any,alotof(lotsof)两者都可以修饰。

　3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰

　不可数名词数词+量词+of+名词

　对可数名词的数量提问用Howmany

　对不可数名词的数量提问用Howmuch

　4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法：

　1)some,much,alittle,alotof,abitof,plentyof用等表示多少。

　注意既可以与可数名词复数，又可以与不可数名词连用的有：plentyof,some,alotof,lotsof,mostof等。

　如Thereismuchwaterinthebottle.瓶中有很多水。

　I'lltellyoumuchgoodnews.我要告诉你许多好消息。

　Weshouldcollectsomeusefulinformation我们应该收集一些有用的消息。

　2)用单位词表示。

　用a...of表示。

　如 acupof( 一杯......)，abottleof(一瓶......)

　apieceof( 一张......)，apairofshoes(一双鞋)

　如twocupsoftea(两杯茶),fivepiecesofpaper(五张纸)

　注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、百等数词与名词加用，表示复数时，数词仍保持单数，名词变复数。

　如twohundredstudents(200名学生)

　tenthousandtrees(10000棵树)

　测试点Hecaughtalotoffish他抓到了许多鱼(此处为许多条鱼，fish的复数仍为fish或fishes)

　=Hecaughtalotoffishes.

　Thepaperisaboutsomefresh-waterfishes.这篇论文是有关几种淡水鱼的。(此处fish表示不同种类的鱼，加复数词尾-es)

　5、可数名词分为单数和复数。

　名词单数就是该词本身，在其前面加a或an。

　1)单数

　如adesk(一张桌子)

　anolddesk(一张旧书桌)

　2)复数：要表示一个以上概念时，要用名词复数形式

　规则变化

　1)一般情况下加-s

　如book--books(书) desk--desks(书桌)

　2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es

　如box--boxes(盒子) bus--buses(公共汽车)

　注意①以th结尾加-s,month--months

　②stomach--stomachs

　3)以辅音字母+结尾，变y为i再加-es。

　如city--cities(城市)country--countries(国家)

　注意以元音+y，直接加s。如：day--days(天)，boy--boys(男孩)

　4)以f或fe结尾，复数变f或fe为v再加-es

　如knife-knives(书),half-halves(一半)

　(thief,wife,life,shelf,knife,leaf,self,half,wolf)

　注意①有少数词后直接加s，如roof-roofs(屋顶)

　5)以o结尾

　(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es

　如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)

　potato-potatoes(土豆)

　(2)元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s

　如piano-pianos(钢琴),zoo-zoos(动物园)

　photo-photos(照片),kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)

　kilo-kilos(千克)

　注意zero两种方式都可：zero-zeros或zeroes(零)

　不规则变化

　1)元音字母发变化。

　如man--men(男人)，woman--women(妇女)

　tooth--teeth(牙齿)，foot--feet(脚)

　mouse--mice(老鼠)，policeman--policemen(警察)

　policewoman--policewomen(女警察)

　2)词尾发生变化。

　如child--children(小孩)，ox--oxen(公牛)

　3)单、复数形式相同。

　如fish--fish(鱼)，sheep--sheep(绵羊)，deer--deer(鹿)，Chinese--Chinese(中国人)，yuan--Yuan(元)，jinn--jinn(斤)

　注意不说anEnglish，要说anEnglishman.

　①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数。

　②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。

　4)形似单数，实为复数意义。

　如people(人，人们)thesepeople

　(不说apeople，可说aperson)

　police(公安，警察)tenpolice

　(不说apolice，可说apoliceman)

　5)由man和woman构成的合成名词，变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。

　如amandriver-mendrivers(男司机)

　awomandoctor-womendoctors(女医生)

　6)合成名词变为复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。

　如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)

　busdriver-busdrivers(汽车司机)

　注意如果没有主体名词，就在最后一词上加-s。如：

　grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)

　letter-box-letter-boxes(信箱)

　注意①hair和fruit通常作单数，表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果，则需用这两个词的复数形式。

　如Wouldyoulikesomemorefruit?你要不要再吃点水果?

　Weboughtalotoffruitfromthemarket.我们从市场上买了许多水果，

　Chinahassomegoodfrits.中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)

　Shehasafewwhitehairs.她有几要白头发。

　Hisblackhairisgoingwhite.他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。

　注意②wind,snow和rain这类词，有时也可以有复数形式，表示多次的风、雪或雨。

　注意以boy和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时，一般只把后一名词变成复数。

　如boystudent-boystudents(男学生)

　girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)

　7)有些名词只有作复数。

　如scissors(剪刀)apairofscissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)compasses(两脚规)scales(天平)sunglasses(太阳镜)surroundings(环境)savings(储蓄)writings(作品)

　名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词，其复数形式通常与简单名词一样，即把man(woman)改成men(women)。

　如Englishman--Englishmen(英国人)

　Frenchwoman--Frenchwomen(法国妇女)

　注意German不是复合词，它的复数是Germans。

小学英语语法知识点汇总

1.人称代词

主格： I we you she he it they

宾格： me us you her him it them

形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their

名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs

2.形容词和副词的比较级

(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er

older taller longer stronger, etc

(2) 多音节词前+more

more interesting, etc.

(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er

bigger fatter, etc.

(4) 把y变i，再+er

heavier, earlier

(5) 不规则变化：

well-better, much/many-more, etc.

3.可数词的复数形式

Most nouns + s a book –books

Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories

Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches

Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes

Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)

bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

5. 缩略形式

I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is

it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc

6. a/an

a book, a peach

an egg an hour

7. Preposition:

on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.

表示时间： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

on Monday on 15th July On National Day

in the evening in December in winter

8. 基数词和序数词

one – first two-second twenty-twentieth

9. Some /any

I have some toys in my bedroom.

Do you have any brothers or sisters?

10. be 动词

(1) Basic form: am/are/is

(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.

My eyes are(not) small.

My hair is(not) long.

（3）一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

11. there be 结构

肯定句： There is a …

There are …

一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.

Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….

12. 祈使句

Sit down please

Don’t sit down, please.

13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.

形式： be + verb +ing

eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

You/We/They are(not) reading.

He/She/It is(not) eating.

动词 —ing 的形式

Most verbs +ing walk—walking

Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming

Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming

14.一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。

形式：

肯定句：

I go to school on foot every day.

She goes to school on foot every day.

一般疑问句:

Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays.

My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。

eg:

1. I / He / She / They can sing.

2．You should keep quiet in the library.

16. 一般过去时态

（a） be 动词的过去式:

I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….

一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。

（b） 动词过去式：

肯定句： I watched cartoons.

She visited the zoo.

一般疑问句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.

否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday.

He didn’t make model ships last week.

(3)动词过去式的变化：

规则动词的变化：

Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。

Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。

Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied

Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped

不规则动词的变化：

is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/

eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等

17. “Wh-” questions.

What are you doing?

What colour is it?

What time is it? What’s the time?

Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?

Who’s the man with a big nose?

Whose bag is it?

When is your birthday?

Where is my ball pen?

Why do you like summer?

How many books are there in the school bag?

How old is the young man?

How much is the toy bear?

How do you go to school every day?

What are you doing?

What colour is it?

What time is it? What’s the time?

Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?

Who’s the man with a big nose?

Whose bag is it?

When is your birthday?

Where is my ball pen?

Why do you like summer?

How many books are there in the school bag?

How old is the young man?

How much is the toy bear?

How do you go to school every day?

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